Final exam Essay

SAINT PETERS UNIVERSITYSCHOOL OF NURSINGNU 304 NXFINAL EXAMINATION dance 20141. When the immunoglobulin crosses the placenta, what type of immunity does the fetus receive? a. Activeb. Passivec. Innated. Cell-mediated2. The predominant antibody of a typical primary immune answer is a. IgGb. IgMc. IgAd. IgE3. While readying armorial bearing, a have recalls seasonal allergic rhinitis is expressed through a. IgE-mediated reactionsb. Tissue-specific reactionsc. Antigen-antibody complexesd. Type II hypersensitivity reactions4. When histamine is released in the body, which of the following responses would the bear look to? a. Bronchial dilationb. Edemac. Vasoconstrictiond. Constipation5. When thought content and stimulant level are intact but a unhurried cannot communicate, the affected role has a. Cerebral deathb. Locked-in syndromec. Dysphagiad. cerebellar motor syndrome6. A 65-year-old male modernly suffered a cerebral vascular accident. He is now ineffective to recognize and identify objects by touch because of injury to the sensory cortex. How should the nurse document this finding? a. Hypomimesisb. Agnosiac. Dysphasiad. Echolalia7. A 69-year-old male with a history of alcohol abuse presents to the emergency room (ER) after a month-long instalment of headaches and confusion. Based on his alcoholism, a promising cause of his neurologic symptoms is a. Concussionb. Chronic subdural haematomac. Epidural hematomad. Subacute subdural hematoma8. _____ are most at risk of spinal anesthesia cord injury from minor trauma. a. Infantsb. Menc. Womend. The elderly9. Six weeks ago a womanly tolerant suffered a T6 spinal cord injury. She then developed a tear pressure of 200/120, a severe headache, blurred vision, and bradycardia. What does the nurse suspect the persevering is experiencing? a. Extreme spinal shockb. Acute perplexityc. involuntary hyperreflexiad. Parasympathetic areflexia10. A 23-year-old egg-producing(prenominal) begins having problems with tiredness, weakness, and visual changes. Her diagnosis is multiple sclerosis (MS). What is occurring in the patients body? a. Depletion of dopamine in the centralnervous system ( central nervous system) b. Demyelination of nerve fibers in the CNSc. The development of neurofibril webs in the CNSd. Reduced amounts of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction11. Which statement by a patient indicates teaching was successful regarding myasthenia gravis? Myasthenia gravis results from a. Viral transmission of skeletal heftb. shrivel of motor neurons in the spinal cordc. Demyelination of skeletal motor neuronsd. autoimmune injury at the neuromuscular junction12. If a patients posterior pituitary is removed, which lineless gland would the nurse expect to drop? a. PRFb. ADHc. ACTHd. GH13. If a patient had a problem with the adrenal medulla, which of the following hormones should the nurse reminder? a. Cortisolb. Epinephrinec. Androgensd. Estrogens14. When catecholamines are release d in a patient, what should the nurse assess for? a. Nutrient absorptionb. quiet retentionc. Hypotensiond. Hyperglycemia15. A 45-year-old female has elevated thyroxine production. Which of the following would accompany this condition? a. increase thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH)b. change magnitude anterior pituitary stimulationc. Decreased T4d. Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)16. A 54-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (lung infection) is evaluated for syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances would be expected in this patient? a. Hyponatremiab. Hyperkalemiac. Hypernatremiad. Hypokalemia17. A 22-year-old male is admitted to the intensive care unit with a closed head injury sustained in a motorcycle accident. The injury has caused severe damage to the posterior pituitary. Which of the following complications should the nurse foreclose? a. Dilutional hyponatremiab. Dehydration from polyuriac. Cardiac arrest f rom hyperkalemiad. Metabolic acidosis18. While checking the lab results for a patient with Graves ailment, the nurse would check the T3 level to be abnormally a. woefulb. Highc. Variabled. Absent19. A 19-year-old female with type 1 DM was admitted to the hospital with the following lab values blood serum glucose 500 mg/dl (high), urine glucose and ketones 4+ (high), and arterial pH 7.20 (low). Her parents state that she has been sick with the flu for a week. Which of the following statements best explains her acidotic state? a. Increased insulin levels promote protein breakdown and ketone formation. b. Her uncontrolled diabetes has led to renal failure.c. Low serum insulin promotes lipid storage and a corresponding release ofketones. d. Insulin deficiency promotes lipid metabolism and ketone formation.20. A patient with Addison disease has weakness and easy fatigability. A nurse recalls this is due to a. Hyperkalemiab. Hypoglycemiac. Hypocortisolismd. Metabolic acidosis21. A nurs e wants to determine if there is kidney dysfunction in a patient with diabetes. Which of the following is the earliest facial expression? a. Polyuriab. Glycosuriac. Microalbuminuriad. Decreased glomerular filtration22. Which condition pull up stakes cause a patient to secrete erythropoietin? a. Low dividing line pressureb. Hypercarbiac. Inflammationd. Hypoxia23. While planning care for a patient with urinary problems, the nurse recalls that the renin-angiotensin system will be activated by a. Increased blood volumeb. Elevated atomic number 11 concentrationsc. Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arteriolesd. Renal hypertension24. A 55-year-old male presents describe urinary retention. Tests reveal that he has a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is of most line of work to the nurse? a. Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritisb. Formation of renal calculic. Glomerulonephritisd. Increased bladder compliance25. A 15-year-old male was diagnosed with pharyn gitis. octad days later he developed acute glomerulonephritis. While reviewing the culture results, which of the following is the most likely cause of this disease? a. Klebsiellab. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)c. Genital herpes virusd. Group A -hemolytic streptococcus26. A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will adjoin documented on the chart is a. Cystitisb. Chronic pyelonephritisc. Acute glomerulonephritisd. Renal calculi27. A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease? a. Hematuriab. Dysuriac. Oliguriad. Proteinuria28. A 45-year-old female presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia. She is diagnosed with inveterate renal failure. When the patient asks what caused this anemia, how should the nurse respond? Your anemia is cause d by a. Red blood cells being lost in the urineb. Inadequate production of erythropoietinc. Inadequate iron absorption in the gutd. Red blood cells being injured as they pass through the glomerulus29. A 50-year-old male is experiencing reflux of chyme from the stomach. He is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. This condition is caused by a. Fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagusb. Sympathetic nerve stimulationc. Loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincterd. Reverse peristalsis of the stomach30. A 10-month-old is brought to the pediatrist by the mother who states the baby has been experiencing colicky pain followed by vomiting, sweating, nausea, and irritability. Testing reveals a condition in which one part of the intestine telescopes into another. From which type of intestinal obstruction is he suffering? a. Herniab. ileusc. Torsiond. Intussusception31. A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. This condition is most likely caused by a. Heredita ry hormonal imbalances with high gastrin levelsb. Breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions c. Decreased vagal legal action and vascular engorgementd. Gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux32. A 39-year-old female with chronic intermittent pain in the epigastric area 2 to 3 hours after eating is diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. Which of the following behaviors may have contributed to the development of the ulcer? a. Cigarette smokingb. Drinking caffeinated beveragesc. devour limited fiberd. Antacid consumption33. A 54-year-old male complains that he has been vomiting blood. Testsreveal entrance hypertension. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his condition? a. Thrombosis in the spleenb. Cirrhosis of the liverc. odd ventricular failured. Renal stenosis34. A 60-year-old female with a history of alcoholism complains of recent weight gain and right flank pain. Physical examination reveals severe ascites. This condition is caus ed by reduced a. Albumin and lack of cellular integrityb. Capillary filtration pressurec. Capillary permeabilityd. Antidiuretic hormone secretion35. A 31-year-old female presents with midabdominal pain. She is expected to have acute pancreatitis. Which of the will be part of the handling plan? (Select all that apply.) a. Narcotic analgesicsb. Restriction of food intakec.Nasogastric suctioningd. Antibioticse. IV fluids36. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder border usually caused by a. Accumulation of bile in the hepatic ductb. Obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstonec. Accumulation of fat in the wall of the gallbladderd. Viral infection of the gallbladder37. While planning care for a patient with an extradural hematoma, which principle should the nurse commend? The main source of bleeding in extradural (epidural) hematomas is a. Arterialb. Venousc. Capillaryd. Sinus38. A 30-year-old white male recently suffered a cerebrovascular accident. Which of the following is the most likely factor that contributed to his pellet? a. Ageb. Genderc. Diabetesd. Race39. A 72-year-old male demonstrates left-sided weakness of upper and lower extremities. The symptoms lasted 4 hours and resolute with no evidence of infarction. The patient most likely experienced a(n) a. Stroke in evolutionb. arteriovenous malformationc. Transient ischemic attackd. Cerebral hemorrhage40. A 25-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, and decreased consciousness. She was previously treated for sinusitis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? a. unfertile meningitisb. Bacterial meningitisc. Fungal meningitisd. Nonpurulent meningitis41. A patient is admitted with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Which classic assessment findings will support the diagnosis of ALS? a. Progressive dementiab. Muscle weakness and atrophyc. Severe paresthesiasd. Autonomic dysfunctions42. Which information indicates the nurse u nderstands assessment findings of an aneurysm? a. A headache is the most common symptomb. The legal age are asymptomaticc. Nosebleeds are an early symptomd. Epidural hemorrhage occurs in over 80% of patients43. A 50-year-old male patient is deficient in ADH production. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect to find? a. Increased blood volumeb. Increased urine osmolalityc. Increased urine volumed. Increased arterial vasoconstriction44. Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus (DM), and SIADH share which of the following assessment manifestations? a. Polyuriab. Edemac. Vomiting and abdominal crampingd. Thirst45. A 22-year-old female has a low level of TSH. What condition does the nurse expect the patient is experiencing? a. Primary hypothyroidismb. Secondary hypothyroidismc. Autoimmune hypothyroidismd. Atypical hypothyroidism46. A 45-year-old female with Graves disease underwent surgical removal of her thyroid gland. During the postoperative period, her serum calcium was low. The most probable reason for her low serum calcium is a. Hyperparathyroidism secondary to Graves diseaseb. Myxedema secondary to surgeryc. Hypoparathyroidism caused by surgical injury to the parathyroid glands d. Hypothyroidism resulting from lack of thyroid relief47. A 12-year-old female is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. When the parents ask what causes this, what is the nurses best response? a. A familial, autosomal dominant gene defectb. Obesity and lack of exercisec. Immune desolation of the pancreasd. Hyperglycemia from eating too many sweets48. When a nurse is assessing the physical features of individuals with Cushing syndrome, these findings will include a. pack loss and muscle wastingb. Truncal obesity and moon facec. Pallor and swollen tongued. Depigmented jumble and eyelid lag49. A 45-year-old male complains of heartburn after eating and difficulty swallowing. He believably has a. Pyloric stenosisb. Gastric cancerc. Achalasiad. Hiatal hernia50. The primary causes of duodenal ulcers include (select all that apply) a. white plague of spicy foodsb. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)c. H. pylori infectiond. Traumae. Side effects of antibiotics